What is a High-density lipoprotein?

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a type of lipoprotein—a complex of proteins and fats—that transports cholesterol from the body's tissues back to the liver for removal.

Function

HDL is sometimes referred to as "good" cholesterol because high levels of HDL are associated with a lower risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it's important to note that HDL levels are just one factor that affects your risk of CAD. Other factors, such as LDL cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and smoking status, also play a role.

HDL helps remove cholesterol from the arteries and transports it back to the liver, where it is broken down and removed from the body.

HDL also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may help protect the arteries from damage.

Levels

Normal HDL cholesterol levels are:

-Men: 40 mg/dL (1.04 mmol/L) or higher

-Women: 50 mg/dL (1.29 mmol/L) or higher

HDL and CAD

Low levels of HDL cholesterol are a risk factor for CAD. The lower your HDL cholesterol level, the higher your risk of CAD.

The link between HDL cholesterol and CAD is thought to be due to the role HDL plays in removing cholesterol from the arteries and preventing the formation of plaque.

Raising HDL

There are a number of things you can do to raise your HDL cholesterol levels, including:

-Eating a healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean diet

-Exercising regularly

-Maintaining a healthy weight

-Quitting smoking

-Reducing your alcohol intake

-Managing your diabetes

-Taking certain medications, such as niacin and statins