Does synthesis of cholesterol occur in the liver?

Yes, synthesis of cholesterol occurs in the liver. The liver plays a crucial role in the synthesis, storage, and metabolism of cholesterol. It is the primary site for de novo synthesis of cholesterol from acetyl-CoA, a process regulated by various factors such as dietary cholesterol intake, hormonal signals, and feedback mechanisms.

Hepatocytes, the major functional cells of the liver, contain the necessary enzymes and cofactors for cholesterol synthesis. The pathway involves multiple enzymatic steps, starting with the conversion of acetyl-CoA to mevalonate. Mevalonate is then further metabolized through a series of reactions to form isoprenoid intermediates, ultimately leading to the synthesis of cholesterol.

The liver also regulates cholesterol homeostasis by controlling its uptake from the bloodstream, storage in the form of cholesterol esters, and secretion into the bile. The liver packages cholesterol into lipoproteins, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), for transport to different tissues or elimination from the body.

In addition, the liver is involved in the metabolism and clearance of excess cholesterol. It converts cholesterol into bile acids, which aid in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats. These bile acids are then excreted in the bile and eliminated with feces.

Therefore, the liver plays a central role in cholesterol synthesis, storage, and metabolism, contributing to the maintenance of cholesterol balance within the body.