What Is Ursodiol?

Ursodiol, also known as ursodeoxycholic acid, is a secondary bile acid used during digestion to process dietary fat. Ursodiol is synthesized as a prescription medication and sold under various names, including Actigall, Urso, Urso 250, Urso Forte, Urso DS and Ursosan. Ursodiol is used primarily to dissolve cholesterol gallstones and to prevent them in obese individuals on rapid weight loss programs. It can also regulate cholesterol levels by inhibiting its production in the liver and its absorption in the intestines. Also, Ursodiol is sometimes used to treat primary biliary cirrhosis, an autoimmune liver disease causing the bile ducts break down.

Use for Gallstones

• Ursodiol's main use is to dissolve gallstones in patients who are not candidates for a cholecystectomy (surgical removal of the gallbladder, the most common treatment for gallstones). It works only on noncalcified gallstones with a high percentage of cholesterol in their makeup (known as "floaters" or "floating stones"). It can also prevent these gallstones from forming in overweight people on diets designed for rapid weight loss. Ursodiol cannot be used to treat other gallstones, including radiolucent bile pigment stones or radiopaque stones.

Effectiveness

• Ursodiol's effectiveness varies greatly between patients. Several factors influence the outcome, including a patient's weight, level of activity, diet, and the size and makeup of the gallstones. Usually taking several months to a year, most studies have found that about two-thirds of patients will experience full dissolution of their gallstones. Most others will see their gallstones shrunken considerably. Half of people prescribed Ursodiol have gallstone recurrences within five years. High rates of gallstone recurrences with Ursodiol and other non-surgical treatments are why cholecystectomies are the preferred treatment for patients able to undergo the procedure.

Indications

• Ursodiol capsules or tablets are taken orally with a meal. Dosage amounts will vary, as a patient's physique and diet must be considered, as well as the size of the gallstones. If you miss a dose, take it when you remember. Or, if it's almost time for your next dose, skip the previous one and resume normally with the subsequent dose. Ursodiol prescriptions generally last at least several months, as it can take this long for results. Regular doctor visits will be needed to monitor the progress of gallstone breakdown, and occasionally to check liver functions. Store Ursodiol at room temperature, in a dry place, out of reach of children.

Warnings

• Ursodiol can interact with several drugs. Do not take Ursodiol with aluminum-based antacids (like Mylanta and Rolaids). These, as well as bile acid sequestering medications, can significantly diminish the effectiveness of Ursodiol. Taking estrongen supplements, birth control pills or some lipid-lowering drugs in conjunction with this medication can negate its effects. Always tell your doctor about any medications or supplements you take. Ursodiol is not known to have any food or beverage interactions. While believed to be safe for pregnant and nursing women, Ursodiol is still not recommended in these situations, nor is it approved for use by children.

Side Effects

• Ursodiol is known to cause many minor side effects. These include stomachache, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, gas, metallic taste, rash, itching and headaches. A rash or hives can be a sign of an allergic reaction. More serious side effects can occur. You should tell your doctor about them immediately if you experience them. These can include painful urination, cloudy or bloody urine, bloody vomit, sore throat, chronic cough, shortness of breath, dizziness, increased heart rate, fever, chest pain, muscle or joint pain, swollen glands and persistent weakness.