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Decongestant Types

Decongestant medications clear up nasal congestion that colds, allergies, influenza and sinusitis cause. Decongestants narrow the blood vessels in the nose, causing the swollen tissue to shrink. The air passage opens up and makes breathing easier. Several types of decongestants are available in both over-the-counter and prescription formats.

  1. Oral

    • Oral decongestants come in two forms, pill and liquid. Decongestant medications such as pseudoephedrine are available alone to treat colds or influenza or combined with other medications such as antihistamines to treat allergies. Side effects of oral decongestants include irregular heartbeat, irritability, insomnia or headaches. Most oral decongestant medications are available over-the-counter, rather than as prescription, but those containing pseudoephedrine may be behind the pharmacy counter, depending on the state in which you are purchasing them.

    Eye Drops

    • Decongestant eye drops treat red and itchy eyes caused by hay fever. An example of an over-the-counter eye drop decongestant is tetrahydrozoline. Decongestant eye drops are also available with a prescription. Side effects of the eye drop form of decongestant include damage to blood vessels in the eye and persistent redness. These drops can cause a form of glaucoma that can set in suddenly, but this is rare.

    Nasal Sprays

    • Nasal decongestant sprays are available both over-the-counter and with a prescription. Sprays treat nasal and sinus congestion not necessarily caused by hay fever or allergies. Phenylephrine and oxymetazoline are two examples of decongestant nasal sprays available. Side effects of nasal sprays include dryness, runny nose, sneezing, fast heartbeat, dizziness and tremors.

    Decongestant Considerations

    • Because decongestants can cause uneasiness and irritability, consider reducing caffeine intake if you have trouble sleeping. Children under the age of 4 years old should not take decongestants unless recommended by a doctor. Women who are pregnant and people with high blood pressure, diabetes or heart conditions should also not take decongestants unless recommended by a doctor. If you take other medications, check with your doctor or pharmacist before beginning to take a decongestant, even if it is over-the-counter.

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