Flu Long-Term Effects

The flu, or the influenza virus, can have long-term complications, such as viral pneumonia, sinusitis, bronchitis, post-infectious cough, ear infections and extended weakness. If a patient experiences flu symptoms such as difficulty breathing or bloody phlegm, he should consult a doctor promptly.

Viral Pneumonia

• The flu's weakened ability to defend against bacteria allows for infections and swelling in the lungs, causing pneumonia, which can be severe or even fatal. Difficulty or pain when breathing, severe fever or cough, and yellow, green or bloody phlegm are the most common symptoms of pneumonia.

Sinusitis

• The flu may generate an excess buildup of mucus in the nasal passageways allowing bacteria to thrive. Sinusitis is a result of inflammation and infection in the sinuses.

Bronchitis

• Infections from the influenza virus could cause inflammation to the trachea (windpipes) and the small and large bronchi (airways) within the body, causing harsh discomfort, especially when coughing.

Post-Infectious Cough

• Individuals may experience a dry cough (no phlegm) for weeks or months after having the flu. Symptoms resemble asthma and can be treated with the same medications.

Ear Infection

• During the flu, the ear can become clogged with fluids, causing swelling, irritation and difficulty hearing. These symptoms could persist for weeks after having the flu.

Extended Weakness

• Because influenza impairs the immune system, exhaustion and vulnerability to disease may persist for weeks or months after other flu symptoms disperse. The elderly and infants are at the greatest risk for continued weakness.