Sphenoid Sinus Infection Symptoms

A sinus infection is also referred to as sinusitis and involves an inflammation of one of the sinus cavities. There are four major sinus cavities, with the sphenoid being the deepest set in the center of the skull. The sinus cavity consists of a hollow sack filled with air that helps insulate the skull and assist with voice resonance.

Significance

• Sphenoid sinuses are wedge-shaped and are set deep behind the eyes. An infection occurs when the nasal passages and sinuses become inflamed. One of the sinus duties is to defend against bacteria, germs and viruses. When the sinus area becomes inflamed, the normal defenses are hindered and cause an infection.

Symptoms

• The symptoms of a sphenoid sinus infection include a headache that has pain behind the eyes, across the forehead, and on top of or behind the head. It is common to have a fever with possible double vision or other vision disturbances. The pain will worsen when bending over or lying on the back. There may be nasal drip in some people.

Cause

• A sphenoid sinus infection is caused in the same way as other types of sinus infections. Sphenoid sinus infections are sometimes the first area an infection shows as they are deeper cavities and hold bacteria easier. A sphenoid sinus infection is also rare in some people for the same reason. An infection in the sinuses damages the cell lining, making the area inflamed. Normal bacteria cannot move freely through the passages, so it accumulates and causes an infection. In many cases, a sinus infection starts with a viral upper respiratory tract infection and spreads to the sinus region. Sometimes allergens or other pollutants will cause sinus infections.

Diagnosis

• A physician will diagnose a sphenoid sinus infection through a physical examination and by inquiring about medical history. An infection in the upper respiratory tract or a cold may present similar symptoms. The difference between a cold and sinus infection is that most sinus infections are caused by bacteria, while colds and respiratory infections are viral. An acute short-term sinus infection does not require additional testing, however a CT scan may be required to diagnose a sphenoid sinus infection or long-term infection.

Treatment

• Sphenoid sinus infections are difficult to treat as the sinus cavities lie deep in the head with narrow passages. When the passages are inflamed, antibiotic medicines do not flow to the area easily. An antibiotic medication is prescribed to clear the bacteria from the area. In addition to medication, home treatment will assist with healing. It is important to promote drainage of the nasal cavities by drinking water and hydrating beverages such as hot tea. Inhaling steam with menthol two to four times a day also helps with drainage. Reoccurring sinus infections or an infection that does not clear with medication requires additional examinations and treatment by an physician.