Cold & Flu Fact Sheet

Recognizing the differences between a cold and the flu can mean starting appropriate treatment sooner. Recovery time may therefore be shorter and, most importantly, the risk of secondary infections can be minimized. Effective treatment can also reduce the time lost at school or work. While both a cold and the flu share key traits, their differences highlight the severity between the two illnesses.

Respiratory Illnesses

• Both are classified as respiratory illnesses but they are caused by different viruses.

Cold Symptoms

• Symptoms develop gradually. Sneezing, stuffy nose and sore throat are common.

Flu Symptoms and Complications

• Symptoms develop suddenly and include fever, body aches, fatigue and chest discomfort. Complications may develop that include pneumonia, sinus or ear infections or a worsening of pre-existing health issues, like asthma or congestive heart failure.

Treatment

• Rest, drinking plenty of liquids and taking over-the-counter fever or pain remedies are recommended. Since the cold and flu are caused by viruses, antibiotics are not an effective cure.

Transmission

• The cold and flu viruses are spread in droplets released when sneezing or coughing.

Prevention

• Flu vaccines may limit the illnesses severity. Hand washing is effective for both illnesses.