How does rubella cause deafness?

Rubella, also known as German measles, is a highly contagious viral infection that can cause a wide range of symptoms, including fever, swollen lymph nodes, rash, and joint pain. In some cases, rubella can also lead to more serious complications, such as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord), and miscarriage.

One of the most serious complications of rubella is deafness. Rubella can cause deafness in two ways:

* Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) occurs when a woman is infected with rubella during pregnancy. CRS can cause a variety of birth defects, including heart defects, eye problems, and deafness. Deafness occurs in about 20% of babies born to women who are infected with rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy.

* Acquired rubella syndrome occurs when a person who is not immune to rubella is infected with the virus after birth. Acquired rubella syndrome can cause a variety of symptoms, including deafness, encephalitis, and meningitis. Deafness occurs in about 5% of people who develop acquired rubella syndrome.

The mechanism by which rubella causes deafness is not fully understood. However, it is thought that the virus may damage the inner ear, which is responsible for hearing.

Rubella is a preventable disease. There is a safe and effective vaccine that can protect people from infection. The rubella vaccine is recommended for all children and adults.