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The Biology of Depression

Many people believe that depression is simply a state of sadness or an episode of "feeling down." However, depression is a chronic medical illness. It affects the body both mentally and physically. Biological factors can be the cause of depression.

  1. Effects on the Body

    • Depression can take a physical toll on the body. Some physical symptoms include back pain, headaches, fatigue, weakness and change in appetite.

    Neurotransmitters

    • Neurotransmitters are chemicals in the brain that help brain send signals throughout the body. Scientists believe that a deficiency of two neurotransmitters, called serotonin and norepinephrine, is partially responsible for depression.

    Hormones

    • Hormonal imbalances may be another cause of biological depression. In particular, scientists have found that an imbalance of a hormone called cortisol may play a part in depression. However, there is still some speculation as to whether the imbalance is a cause or effect of depression.

    Genetics

    • If a person has family members who suffer from depression, then it is more likely that he will suffer from the illness as well. Therefore, genetics may also play a role in depression.

    Brain Differences

    • Physical abnormalities and differences in the structure of the brain have been discovered in patients with depression. These physical differences suggest that brain abnormalities might be a cause of depression.

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