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Signs & Symptoms of Depression DSM

The DSM-IV-TR, commonly referred to as the DSM among mental health professionals, is the diagnostic manual clinicians use to diagnose their clients. Licensed mental health professionals and doctors use this manual to decide if someone is struggling with depression, anxiety or other mental health issues. It breaks down each disorder into time periods, signs and symptoms and certain features. Clinicians use this resource to communicate about their patients' mental health problems.

  1. Sadness

    • One of the signs listed in the DSM-IV-TR for depression is a depressed mood. Depressed episodes last at least two weeks, so persistent sadness would occur for at least two weeks to meet the diagnosis for major depression. However, there is another type of depression known as dysthymic disorder, characterized by eating and sleeping issues, low energy, low self-esteem, poor concentration and feelings of hopeless and someone must exhibit symptoms for at least two years to receive this diagnosis.

    Loss of Pleasure

    • When people suffer from depression, they lose pleasure and interest in activities that they once enjoyed. For example, someone who loved to read may find herself unhappy when reading. Someone who enjoyed playing golf every Sunday afternoon may cancel his golf games, because he just doesn't enjoy it anymore.

    Eating and Sleeping

    • Many people struggling with depression have issues with eating. They may eat way too much or not enough, which would result in weight gain or loss. Also, sleep issues can add to the frustration of depression. Some people find themselves unable to get out of bed and others find that they can't fall or stay asleep. This happens almost on a daily basis when someone is depressed.

    Fatigue

    • People who are depressed may seem slow or restless at work and at home. You may feel that you don't have enough energy to get through the day, but can't fall asleep when you try. You may find that you have to take naps every day just to make it through.

    Other Emotional Signs

    • Someone suffering from depression may feel worthless and ashamed that he is struggling with depression. He may feel hopeless and not be able to see an end to the awful feelings. This can lead someone to start thinking about death and suicide, which is the most serious symptom of depression. If you know someone who has suicidal thoughts, try to get her help from a mental health professional as soon as possible.

    Concentration

    • Someone facing depression usually has a difficult time concentrating at home and at work. She may not be able to meet deadlines or complete assignments, which can lead to employment termination. This only makes the feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness grow.

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