Medications Used for Depression

Depression is experienced by around 15 percent of Americans at some point during their lives. (See Reference 2) It is thought to be caused by low activity of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the mood centers of the brain and is often effectively treated with one or more different types of medications.

Serotonin Selective Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

• SSRIs such as Prozac, Zoloft, Lexapro, and Celexa are the most commonly used type of antidepressants. They work by increasing the amount of serotonin in between the nerve cells of the brain by preventing the "reuptake" or gathering of serotonin, which then allows the neurotransmitter to stimulate mood. (See Reference 1)

Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

• SNRIs such as Effexor, Remeron, and Cymbalta work similarly to SSRIs but increase the mood by blocking the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine.

Tricyclics and Tetracyclics

• Tricyclics such as Elavil and Tofranil and tetracyclics such as Desyrel and Wellbutrin also work by increasing the amount of neurotransmitters in the brain but are much less specific, affecting more chemicals and areas of the brain. They are older medications that have more side effects and are not as commonly used as newer treatments.

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

• MAOIs such as Parnate, Nardil, and Marplan are no longer used much, as they have a number of side effects and require adherence to extreme dietary restrictions such as no processed meats or fermented foods. They are usually reserved for patients who have not responded to other medications.

Warnings

• Though most people eventually experience relief of symptoms of depression, antidepressants may take several weeks to begin working. In some severely depressed patients, the risk of suicide may actually go up during the initial treatment period. It is important to note all warning signs and be aware of potential side effects when beginning antidepressant therapy.