Major Things to Know About Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder, which is sometimes referred to as manic depression, is a long-term mental disorder characterized by distinct, unpredictable mood episodes. Bipolar disorder can be treated by medications and therapy.

Cause

• According to the National Institute of Mental Health, bipolar disorder is likely to be caused by a combination of factors. Brain chemistry, genetics and environment may all contribute to bipolar disorder.

Types

• Bipolar I, Bipolar II, cyclothymic disorder, mixed bipolar disorder and rapid-cycling bipolar disorder are the different types of bipolar disorder. Each types involves some degree of manic and depressive episodes.

Manic

• Symptoms of a manic episode include overly happy or agitated mood and behavior. Other symptoms may include rapid talking, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem and impulsive behavior.

Depressive

• Depressive episodes typically involve a depressed, sad or hopeless mood. Other symptoms may include fatigue, irritability, changes in eating and sleeping patterns and suicidal ideation.

Treatment

• Mood stabilizing drugs, such as Lithium, antidepressants, such as Prozac and Zoloft, and atypical antipsychotics such as Zyprexa, are among the drugs used to treat symptoms of bipolar disorder. Psychotherapy can help people with bipolar disorder cope, and electro-convulsive therapy may be used if medications and psychotherapy are ineffective.

Warning

• According to the National Institute of Mental Health, substance abuse is common among those with bipolar disorder. People with bipolar disorder may attempt to self-medicate with drugs and alcohol, but such substances may also exacerbate bipolar symptoms.