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Description of Unipolar Depression Disorder

Unipolar depression is also known as major depression, clinical depression and major depressive disorder. While a more specific name is required for clinical use, the general public knows unipolar depression simply as depression.

  1. Difference from Bipolar Depression

    • Unipolar depression refers to one mood: depressed. It is characterized by low self-esteem or loss of interest in activities that used to derive pleasure for the individual. Bipolar depression refers to a duality of moods: depression and mania. Mania is characterized by exaggerated euphoria, elation and/or excessive energy.

    Diagnosis

    • The diagnosis of any form of depression comes from self-reporting, reporting by friends or family, or a combination of the two, to a medical professional. The diagnosis is usually backed up by a psychological exam. There are no physical symptoms or conditions that indicate unipolar depression directly.

    Common Symptoms

    • While there is no singular set of symptoms for everyone who has unipolar depression, some are very common. These include fatigue, loss of interest in activities, a feeling of hopelessness or worthlessness, loss of appetite and thoughts of suicide.

    Demographics of Unipolar Depression

    • The most common age for onset of unipolar depression is a topic of dispute. Some say in the mid-20s, others believe it's in the 30-40 range. It is thought to peak usually in the 50-60 age range. Major depression or unipolar depression is reported twice as often in women than in men. Women attempt suicide more often, though men are more successful in their attempts. In the course of life, unipolar depression will affect 10-25 percent of women and 5-12 percent of men.

    Causes of Unipolar Depression

    • There are varying theories about the cause of unipolar depression. These theories posit biological, psychological or environmental factors or a combination of two or more factors. Most theories agree that one or more stressful life events trigger the onset of the disorder. What is disagreed upon is which underlying factor causes the vulnerability. It might be genetic or one's upbringing, which is the basis of the nature vs. nurture argument.

    Treatment for Unipolar Depression

    • The most important first step in treatment for unipolar depression is proper diagnosis. From this point, a medical professional can prescribe appropriate steps depending on the severity, the possible cause and other factors. These steps can include exercise, involvement in social activities, adjustment in diet and regular visits with a psychiatrist. Also, there are many drugs that address depression and help with mood adjustment.

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