What Are the Causes of Postmenopausal Depression?

Depression is both a mental disorder and an emotional state, and it can be a reaction to a psychological trauma, to a life event or even a physical condition. Menopause is one such physical event that can cause depression in some women.

Menopause

• Menopause is a natural change in a woman's reproductive system at midlife. This change includes an end to egg production, cessation of the menstrual cycle and a decrease in hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone.

Depression

• Depression can be present before, during and after menopause, and it is typically one of many symptoms a woman must cope with during this transition. Depression is a condition that involves feelings of sadness, hopelessness and disinterest in usual activities.

Hormonal Changes

• One potential cause for depression during menopause is the change in hormone levels, particularly the reduction in estrogen (which has been associated with elevated mood). The greatest risk for depression is in the 5 years before and after menopause, the peri-menopausal period.

Stress

• Stress can be experienced during this transition, which can contribute toward depression. Stress can be associated with physical symptoms and with the adjustment that comes with the end of fertility. Menopause is a major physical and mental transition, and stress surrounding it is not uncommon.

Treatment

• Treatment for depression during menopause may include psychotherapy to assist in coping with the changes and antidepressant medication if symptoms warrant.