Why Do I Suffer From Depression?

Major depression is a condition that affects 5 to 8% of American adults per year. Biological, psychological and social factors influence the development of depressive symptoms.

Diagnosis

• Major depression is diagnosed by the presence of at least five of the following symptoms during the same two-week period: depressed mood, diminished pleasure or interest in activities once enjoyed, weight changes, sleep disturbances, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, poor concentration and recurrent thoughts of death (see reference 3).

History

• Throughout history, numerous factors have been blamed for depression, including imbalance of bodily fluids, demon possession and specific character flaws. None of these are currently believed to be causes of major depression.

Types

• Biological causes for depression include an imbalance of specific neurotransmitters, especially serotonin, norepinpephrine and dopamine, certain medical conditions (i.e. cancer, stroke) and genetics. Environmental causes for depression include living in poverty, relationship problems, high levels of anxiety and substance abuse (see reference 1).

Misconceptions

• Common misconceptions about depression include that it is not a legitimate illness, it is not a treatable disease, it only affects industrialized nations and it is due to character flaws (i.e. laziness) (see reference 2). None of these statements are true.

Treatment

• Antidepressant medications are available for treating neurotransmitter imbalances that cause depression. Psychotherapy provides instruction on coping skills and behavioral modification strategies for addressing psychological and social causes for depression.

Lifestyle Factors

• Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and other substance use, poor diet and lack of exercise are all potential causes for depression.