Foods That Interact With MAO Inhibitors

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors or MAO inhibitors are a class of drugs typically used in the treatment of both depression and high blood pressure since the late 1970s. Some of the older drugs in this class are no longer marketed as newer drugs were found to be more effective in treating the indicated conditions with less risk for adverse interactions or side effects. Nardil, Parnate and Eldepryl are drugs in this class that remain on the market in the United States. While these drugs are effective in treating the conditions for which they are prescribed, they are also known to interact adversely with other drugs and certain foods. MAO inhibitors are prescribed with caution and specific dietary instructions.

Types

• Foods that contain tyramine levels of greater than 6 milligrams per serving are not to be eaten by those taking MAO inhibitors. Tyramine is a by-product of the breakdown of the amino acid tyrosine, which occurs as certain foods age; pepperoni, salami, aged cheeses, beer on tap and foods containing fermented soy products, such as soy sauce, teriyaki and tofu, are to be avoided.

Effects

• Consumption of foods containing high levels of tyramine cause severe headaches, nausea and vomiting, confusion, and visual problems. Cerebral hemorrhages, significant elevation of blood pressure and heart problems are the more serious effects caused by tyramine-containing foods interacting with MAO inhibitors.

Warning

• Meat, fish and poultry should be as fresh as possible when prepared and eaten as soon as possible because tyramine levels in these food items increase over time and if they are stored improperly.

Considerations

• Should any food known to interact with MAO inhibitors be consumed, preparations should be made to seek emergency treatment. Treatment may include IV fluids, stomach pumping and medication to control blood pressure and heart symptoms.

Prevention

• Foods determined to interact with MAO inhibitors should be avoided immediately after initiating use of the drug and for up to four weeks after discontinuing.