Medications for Treating Depression

Medications used to treat depression work by increasing the amount of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters that are circulating in your brain. But each type of medication influences neurotransmitters in different ways.

SSRIs

• According to the Mayo Clinic, the first choice for medication therapy of depression is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). They work on depression by specifically targeting the neurotransmitter serotonin. Examples of SSRIs include Prozac, Zoloft and Paxil.

SNRIs

• Similar to SSRIs, selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRIs) work on the neurotransmitters serotonin. SNRIs like Effexor and Cymbalta inhibit the uptake of norepinephrine.

TCAs

• Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) work by blocking the absorption of all neurotransmitters, allowing them to work longer. TCAs include Elavil, Tofranil and Pamelor.

MAOIs

• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like Nardil and Parnate are often prescribed as the last choice. This class of antidepressants binds the enzyme monoamine oxidase, preventing the enzyme from metabolizing neurotransmitters. MAOIs, unfortunately, have several severe interactions. The drug may interact with foods high in tyramine, a chemical found in wine, cheese and pickles. This interaction can cause a sharp increase in blood pressure, possibly leading to a stroke.

Warning

• Some SSRIs and other antidepressants have been associated with suicide. Most of those affected are children and young adults.