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Criteria for Depression

For a diagnosis of depression, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) guidelines look for at least five specific symptoms that must be present for at least a two-week period and are not related to any other medical condition.

  1. Depressed Feelings and Loss of Interest

    • Depression includes feeling depressed most of the day, on most days. Formerly enjoyable activities are no longer interesting. Worthlessness and guilty feelings take over.

    Changes in Weight

    • The DSM-IV specifies that weight fluctuation of at least 5 percent in a month, either losing or gaining significant amounts, without trying to lose or gain weight, can be an indicator of depression.

    Changes in Sleeping Patterns

    • A change in sleeping habits can indicate depression. The person might experience insomnia (inability to sleep) or hypersomnia (sleeping too much). She may also have a loss of energy and often feel fatigued, regardless of the amount she sleeps.

    Cognitive Changes

    • An inability to concentrate or to make formerly simple decisions can be a sign of depression. This is more frequently noticed by others who are close to the person.

    Thoughts of Death

    • Frequent thoughts of death or suicide, sometimes including a plan and/or a suicide attempt, are strong indicators of depression.

    Other Physical Changes

    • Signs such as physical agitation or slowing down more than usual are usually noticed more by others close to the person.

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