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Diet & Medication for Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus, or simply "diabetes," is a disease related to glucose levels in the blood (high blood sugar) that result from problems with insulin secretion. Proper diet and medication make it possible for the diabetic to live a fairly normal life by keeping the disease in check and alleviating some of the symptoms.

  1. Dietary Guidelines

    • You should consult with your physician to determine the exact balance of protein, carbohydrates and fats in your diet. You can, however, follow some basic guidelines to get started. Your diet should consist of a high-quality proteins, whole grains, fruits and vegetables. Diabetics are typically at higher risk for heart disease, so eat foods with plenty of fiber and that are low in fat. It is necessary to keep fat intake as low as possible, but you should also moderate your consumption of sugar and alcohol. Since starchy carbohydrates are quickly converted into glucose in the blood, you should avoid foods like potatoes and white bread.

    Medication

    • As with diet, consult your physician regarding your medication. Diabetic medications generally include insulin injections and oral hypoglycemic drugs which are meant to lower blood glucose levels. Type 1 diabetes must be treated with insulin since Type 1 diabetics cannot create their own insulin. By contrast, Type 2 diabetes typically responds to changes in diet, oral medications and moderate exercise.

    Prevention

    • There is currently no way of preventing Type 1 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is generally prevented through a healthy lifestyle of moderate exercise, controlled diet and screening. Visit your physician at least once per year to have your urine screened for glucose. Because diabetes affects other bodily systems, have these checked regularly as well, including your kidneys, eyes and heart. Keep a close eye on your blood pressure and weight because these are strong indicators of your propensity to develop early symptoms of diabetes. With proper diet and check-ups, you can most likely avoid the necessity of treating yourself with medications, unless you have Type 1 diabetes.

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