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The Effects of Diabetes on the Brain

Diabetes can be a devastating illness because it can affect so many body systems, including the brain. These effects can cause short-term problems when blood sugar is not controlled, and there can also be cumulative effects that build up as the disease progresses over the course of several years. Although some of the effects can also be caused by other factors, research is establishing a direct link to diabetes.

  1. Definition

    • Diabetes is a disease in which the body cannot properly handle glucose. Insulin production is impaired, resulting in high blood sugar levels that can case negative effects in many body organs, including the brain.

    Types

    • There are three types of diabetes. In type 1, a person is unable to produce any insulin at all, and in type 2, the person's body is able to produce insulin but does not use it properly. The third type, gestational diabetes, is a temporary condition that starts in the second trimester of pregnancy and usually clears up once the baby is born. All of these types can effect the brain.

    Short-Term Effects

    • A University of Virginia study showed that hyperglycemia in diabetics can slow down their brain function and reduce their cognition. Their verbal ability is impaired, as is the ability to perform simple tasks. The issue resolves itself when the proper blood sugar level is restored.

    Long-Term Effects

    • A Harvard University study showed that diabetes can impair memory and cause a permanent loss of cognitive function over time. It also contributes to hardening of the arteries, which can cause a stroke that can destroy brain function.

    Prevention

    • Many of the short- and long-term effects of diabetes on the brain can be slowed or stopped when the disease is properly controlled. This includes monitoring blood sugar, taking proper medication, eating an appropriate diet and exercising regularly.

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