What Is an HbA1c Marker?

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), also known as glycosylated hemoglobin, is a measure of the average sugar level in the blood over an extended period of time. It is considered to be a better measure of general blood glucose levels than self-reported blood sugar readings. High HbA1c is associated with a much greater risk of diabetic complications.

Formation

• Glycosylated hemoglobin is formed when hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells come into contact with free-floating glucose in the bloodstream.

Significance

• An HbA1c measure is a good marker of general glucose levels over the last three to four months, as this amount of time is the average lifespan of a red blood cell.

Standard HbA1c number

• In those without diabetes, the HbA1c value averages between 4.0 and 5.9 percent.

Higher Number in Poorly Controlled Diabetes

• In patients with poorly controlled diabetes, there is more glucose in the bloodstream to make contact with hemoglobin, resulting in increased glycosylation and HbA1c values above the 4.0 to 5.9 percent standard.

Recommended HbA1c for Diabetics

• The American Diabetes Association recommends a number below 7.0 percent as evidence of well-controlled blood sugar levels in those with diabetes.

Consequences of Raised HbA1c

• Diabetics with HbA1c numbers that are elevated are at increased risk of numerous vascular complications, which may effect the heart, kidneys, eyes and feet, among other organs. Those with raised HbA1c values are at increased risk of requiring surgeries or extensive medical treatments.