What is Diabetic Gastroparesis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Diabetic Gastroparesis

Diabetic gastroparesis is a condition that affects the stomach's ability to empty food into the small intestine. It occurs when the vagus nerve, which controls the stomach muscles, is damaged. This damage can occur as a result of diabetes.

Diabetic gastroparesis can cause a variety of symptoms, including:

Nausea

Vomiting

Abdominal pain

Bloating

Constipation

Diarrhea

Weight loss

Early satiety (feeling full quickly)

Heartburn

Acid reflux

In some cases, diabetic gastroparesis can also lead to malnutrition and dehydration.

Diagnosis

Diabetic gastroparesis is diagnosed based on the patient's symptoms and a physical examination. The doctor may also order one or more of the following tests:

Upper endoscopy: A procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a camera on the end is inserted into the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. This allows the doctor to look for any abnormalities in the stomach, such as scarring or inflammation.

Gastric emptying study: A procedure in which the patient is given a meal containing a radioactive substance. The doctor then uses a gamma camera to track the movement of the food through the stomach and small intestine. This test can help to determine how quickly the stomach is emptying.

Electrogastrography (EGG): A procedure in which electrodes are placed on the abdomen to measure the electrical activity of the stomach. This test can help to determine if the vagus nerve is damaged.

Treatment

There is no cure for diabetic gastroparesis, but there are treatments that can help to relieve the symptoms. Treatment options may include:

Medications: The doctor may prescribe medications to help improve stomach motility, reduce nausea and vomiting, or relieve constipation.

Dietary changes: The patient may be advised to eat small, frequent meals, avoid foods that are high in fat or fiber, and drink plenty of fluids.

Nonsurgical procedures: The doctor may recommend nonsurgical procedures, such as electrical stimulation or acupuncture, to help improve stomach motility.

Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct a blockage in the stomach or small intestine.

Outlook

The outlook for diabetic gastroparesis depends on the severity of the condition and the patient's response to treatment. With proper treatment, most patients can manage their symptoms and live a normal life.