How does diabetes insipidus compare with SIADH?

Diabetes insipidus (DI) and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) are two conditions that affect the body's water balance. DI is caused by a deficiency of the hormone vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, or ADH), while SIADH is caused by an excess of ADH.

Symptoms

DI is characterized by polyuria (excessive urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and dehydration. In severe cases, DI can lead to electrolyte imbalances and seizures.

SIADH is characterized by hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels), oliguria (decreased urine output), and edema (swelling). In severe cases, SIADH can lead to seizures, coma, and death.

Causes

DI can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

* Head injury

* Brain surgery

* Pituitary gland tumors

* Kidney disease

* Certain medications

SIADH can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

* Lung disease

* Heart failure

* Liver disease

* Certain medications

* Cancer

Treatment

DI is treated with synthetic vasopressin. Vasopressin can be given by injection, nasal spray, or oral tablet.

SIADH is treated by restricting fluid intake and administering diuretics (medicines that increase urine output). In some cases, hospitalization may be required.

Prognosis

The prognosis for DI and SIADH depends on the underlying cause. Most cases of DI and SIADH can be managed with treatment. However, some cases can be fatal.