Characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (also called juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes) is an autoimmune disease that affects the pancreas. In this condition, the immune system mistakenly targets and destroys the beta cells in the pancreas that make insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is necessary for the body to use glucose for energy. Without insulin, the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels, leading to high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia).

Here are some of the characteristic features of type 1 diabetes mellitus:

* Onset: Type 1 diabetes mellitus usually develops in children and young adults, although it can occur at any age. The onset of symptoms is typically rapid and may include:

* Increased thirst

* Frequent urination

* Unexplained weight loss

* Extreme hunger

* Blurred vision

* Fatigue

* Irritability

* Polydipsia (excessive thirst)

* Polyuria (frequent urination)

* Autoimmune destruction of beta cells: The hallmark of type 1 diabetes mellitus is the autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas. This process is thought to be triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

* Insulin dependence: Individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus require insulin therapy to survive. Insulin helps to control blood sugar levels by allowing glucose to enter cells for energy.

* Ketosis and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA): In individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the lack of insulin can lead to a buildup of ketones in the blood and urine. This can result in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious complication that can lead to coma and death if not treated promptly.

* Long-term complications: Over time, type 1 diabetes mellitus can lead to a number of long-term complications, including:

* Heart disease

* Stroke

* Kidney disease

* Eye disease (retinopathy)

* Nerve damage (neuropathy)