Why monitor blood sugars on critically ill patients?

Critically ill patients are at risk for hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, both of which can have serious consequences. Monitoring blood sugars is important for early detection and management of these conditions.

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, can occur in critically ill patients due to a number of factors, including:

* Stress response: The body's stress response releases hormones that can increase blood sugar levels.

* Insulin resistance: Insulin is a hormone that helps cells use glucose for energy. Critically ill patients may develop insulin resistance, which makes it difficult for their cells to use glucose.

* Glucose administration: Critically ill patients may receive glucose-containing fluids or medications, which can contribute to hyperglycemia.

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, can also occur in critically ill patients. This is because critically ill patients may have difficulty eating, which can lead to low blood sugar levels. In addition, critically ill patients may be taking medications that can cause low blood sugar, such as insulin.

Consequences of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia

Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia can both have serious consequences, including:

* Hyperglycemia:

* Increased risk of infection

* Delayed wound healing

* Organ damage

* Death

* Hypoglycemia:

* Seizures

* Coma

* Death

Monitoring blood sugars

Closely monitoring blood sugars is important for early detection and management of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. By monitoring blood sugars, healthcare professionals can make adjustments to the patient's treatment plan as needed to maintain normal blood sugar levels.

Target blood sugar range for critically ill patients

The target blood sugar range for critically ill patients is 140-180 mg/dL. This range is based on studies that have shown that patients with blood sugar levels within this range have a lower risk of developing complications.

How often to monitor blood sugars

The frequency of blood sugar monitoring depends on the patient's condition. Critically ill patients who are at high risk for hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia may need their blood sugar monitored as frequently as every hour. Other critically ill patients may need their blood sugar monitored less frequently, such as every 2-4 hours.

Who should monitor blood sugars?

Blood sugars should be monitored by healthcare professionals who are trained in the correct technique. This includes nurses, doctors, and pharmacists.