How do people get type 1 diabetes?

The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown. It's thought to be related to a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors.

Type 1 diabetes involves the immune system attacking and destroying the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose, or sugar, enter the body's cells for use as energy. Without insulin, the blood sugar level rises. Symptoms such as frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, increased hunger, and fatigue may develop.

Although the exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown, several risk factors have been identified, including:

Genetics: People with a family history of type 1 diabetes are at increased risk of developing the disease. However, having a family history of type 1 diabetes does not mean a person will definitely develop it.

Certain viral infections: Some viral infections, such as mumps, rubella, and coxsackievirus, have been linked to an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes. It is thought that these viruses may trigger an immune response that damages the beta cells in the pancreas.

Environmental factors: Certain environmental factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals or toxins, may also increase the risk of developing type 1 diabetes.

It is important to note that type 1 diabetes is not typically caused by lifestyle factors, such as diet or lack of exercise. While maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help manage the condition once it develops, it does not prevent type 1 diabetes from occurring.