What can uncontrolled diabetes lead to?

Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to various severe complications affecting multiple organs and systems in the body. Some of the long-term effects of uncontrolled diabetes include:

Cardiovascular complications: Diabetes increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. High blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels and lead to atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, which can obstruct blood flow to the heart and brain.

Kidney damage (nephropathy): Uncontrolled diabetes can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to kidney disease and potentially kidney failure.

Eye damage (retinopathy): Diabetes can affect the blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Diabetic retinopathy can cause blurred vision, floaters, and, if left untreated, can lead to blindness.

Nerve damage (neuropathy): High blood sugar levels can damage the nerves, causing diabetic neuropathy. This can result in symptoms such as numbness, tingling, burning pain, and weakness in the hands, feet, and legs.

Skin problems: Uncontrolled diabetes can make the skin more susceptible to infections, slow down the healing process, and cause itchy, dry skin.

Dental problems: Diabetes can increase the risk of gum disease and tooth decay.

Erectile dysfunction: Diabetes can cause nerve damage that can lead to erectile dysfunction in men.

Gestational diabetes in pregnant women: Uncontrolled diabetes during pregnancy can increase the risk of complications for both the mother and the baby, including miscarriage, premature birth, and birth defects.

It is essential for individuals with diabetes to work closely with their healthcare team to manage their blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of developing these long-term complications. This can involve lifestyle changes such as healthy eating, regular physical activity, and weight management, as well as medications to control blood glucose levels.