What are the two types of diabetes and how do they differ?

There two main types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. They differ significantly in their causes, mechanisms, and treatments:

Type 1 Diabetes:

- Is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to insufficient insulin production.

- Usually develops in childhood or early adulthood but can occur at any age.

- Requires daily administration of insulin, either through injections or an insulin pump.

- Genetic factors play a role, but exact cause unknown.

Type 2 Diabetes:

- Often referred to as insulin resistance, occurs when the cells of the body become less responsive to the effects of insulin, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels.

- Usually develops in adulthood, often related to lifestyle factors such as obesity and physical inactivity.

- Initially managed with lifestyle interventions (diet, exercise) and oral medications that help improve insulin sensitivity. Insulin therapy may be needed as the disease progresses.

- Genetic and environmental factors contribute.

Key Differences:

- Age of onset: Type 1 diabetes typically starts earlier in life, while Type 2 diabetes develops later.

- Cause: Type 1 diabetes is caused by an autoimmune reaction, while Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance and impaired insulin production.

- Treatment: Type 1 diabetes requires lifelong insulin therapy, while Type 2 diabetes initially responds to lifestyle modifications and oral medications, with insulin added if necessary.

- Risk Factors: Type 1 diabetes has a genetic component, but environmental factors are not clearly established. Type 2 diabetes is associated with genetic predisposition, obesity, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet.