Diet Plan for Diabetics With Kindney Failure

About 30 percent of people with type 1 diabetes and 10 percent to 40 percent of those with type 2 diabetes eventually develop nephropathy, or diabetes-caused kidney failure, according to the National Kidney Foundation. Although existing kidney damage cannot be reversed, future kidney damage in diabetics can be stopped or slowed by following a specific, specialized diet aimed at conserving existing kidney function.

Limit Protein, Salt, Potassium & Phosphorous

• Diabetics suffering from kidney failure should eat a diet low in protein, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and dairy. LifeClinic.com says men should limit their protein consumption to 5 to 6 ounces a day and women to 3 to 4 ounces a day. A low-protein diet appears to reduce protein in the urine and increase protein in the blood, which helps diabetics with kidney failure preserve their existing kidney function.

  Sodium and potassium intake should also be limited. Herbs and spices can be used as a substitute for salt, but sodium substitutes that use potassium should be avoided. In terms of fruit, kiwis, nectarines, cantaloupe, prunes, raisins, bananas and oranges should be completely avoided because of their high potassium content. Fruits such as apples, grapes, peaches, plums, tangerines and pineapples can be eaten in moderation. Potatoes, spinach, asparagus, pumpkin, squash and tomato should also be avoided because of their high potassium content. All other vegetables can be eaten in moderation.

  Diabetics suffering from kidney failure should also avoid foods high in phosphorus. These include chocolate, nuts and beer, among others. Dairy should be limited to half a cup a day because of its high phosphorus and protein content. Cheese, in particular, should be avoided or eaten in very small, infrequent servings. For the most part, whole grains can be eaten freely, as long as blood sugar levels are controlled.

  Kidney problems in diabetics are further complicated because sugar intake must be kept low in order to regulate blood sugar levels. Because of the many food limitations and restrictions on diabetics suffering from kidney problems, it can be difficult for these people to consume enough calories to meet their nutritional needs. Calories should be added through starches and vegetables rather than proteins, dairy and high-sugar fruits. It is extremely important for diabetics with kidney failure to drink enough water, although exact water and liquid intake should be determined by the patient's doctor.

  How strictly a diabetic patient must adhere to the above diet depends on the stage of kidney failure. Diabetics in the early stages may be able to consume higher levels of protein and potassium than those at the end stages. A nutritionist or nephrologist (kidney specialist) should be able to determine the patient's stage and dietary needs.