Development of the Insulin Pump

The insulin pump is a relatively new advance in the therapeutic treatment of diabetes and is quickly becoming the standard for insulin delivery. It has undergone much advancement in the 40 years since its initial conceptualization. The insulin pump offers patients freedom and dignity, allowing easy control over medical needs.

Concept

• A small battery-operated electronic device pulls insulin from a canister which is fed through a small thin plastic tube to an infusion device. A tiny plastic needle slides under the skin and a preset amount of insulin is pumped into the body.

First Models

• First introduced in the 1960's, the pumps were large, cumbersome and had to be worn similar to a backpack. A newer design came out in the 1970's. The first clinical trials took place during this time.

Improvements

• The 1980's saw lighter easier to carry, and more economical devices. The introduction of micro electronics in the 1990's allowed for more precise control, easier programming and a smaller size. Battery technology and insulin cartridge design advances allowed more time between charges or cylinder replacements.

Current Models

• Today pumps include many user convenience features; from monitoring blood sugar and self adjusting administration levels, to being able to be plugged into personal computers and information about insulin usage viewed. It is also able to send information to doctors.

Future Development

• Currently in development is an internal insulin pump. The unit is recharged magnetically and refilled by injection once every two weeks. An RF interface is used to program the pump and collect information which can be accessed via home computer or a terminal in the doctor's office.