Severe Hyperglycemia Treatment

Hyperglycemia is a high level of glucose in the blood. The body requires the sugar to function adequately and cells depend on glucose for energy. Hyperglycemia is the result of having inadequate levels of the hormone insulin, which brings sugar to the cells. According to the University of Michigan Health System, hyperglycemia occurs when the blood sugar level increases to 300 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or higher. High blood sugar levels can lead to health problems.

• Hyperglycemia is the result of high levels of sugar in the blood.

Types

• Two types of severe hyperglycemia are ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome, according to American Diabetes Services. Ketoacidosis occurs when the body is so starved for energy it breaks down fat for energy, creating acid waste products known as ketones. Ketoacidosis affects people with a blood sugar level above 600 mg/dL. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome is a condition in which the blood becomes thick because of the excess sugar. This occurs when the blood sugar level reaches 700 mg/dL or higher. When sugar levels reach this proportion, the brain can stop functioning.

Effects

• Ketoacidosis is characterized by trouble breathing, nausea, vomiting, cotton mouth and breath with a fruity smell. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome results in constant urination, urine with a dark color, severe dehydration, a high fever and trouble seeing.

Identification

• High blood sugar levels are detected with a blood test. This test is done after a period of fasting, often done early in the morning. A result of 100 to 125 mg/dL is recognized as borderline high and a level above 126 mg/dL is classified as diabetic. To ensure the results are accurate, have another blood test done.

Warning

• Extreme blood sugar levels can be self-induced if a diabetic does not take insulin when required. Severe hyperglycemia can also be brought on by stress, infection or severe illness. Symptoms of severe high blood sugar level should not be disregarded. As soon as a diabetic shows signs of high blood sugar levels by vomiting or breathing difficulties, the person should be taken to a hospital immediately, otherwise it could lead to a diabetic coma or death.

Prevention/Solution

• Hyperglycemia can often be treated through exercise and a healthy diet to bring sugar levels down. In severe cases, insulin is the only way to treat the condition. For prevention, monitor your blood sugar level frequently, especially if you become ill. Make sure to take your medication as recommended to maintain a healthy level of glucose and keep scheduled appointments with your physician.