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The Most Common Stomach Problems

Stomach or digestive disorders are a common complaint for many people. Diet and stress can cause stomach problems, but sometimes symptoms come on for no apparent reason. Although most stomach problems can be treated at home, it is important to know when to seek a doctor's care. Knowing the symptoms of the most common stomach problems can help patients make informed health care decisions.

  1. Stomach

    • The stomach is above the intestines and below the esophagus, which descends from the throat. The stomach is typically 12 inches long and 6 inches wide. It stomach can change in shape and size, depending on how much food is inside or whether you are sitting, standing or reclining. In adults, it has an average capacity of about 1 quart. The stomach creates strong gastric acids, which help break down food for digestion and absorption. It also has strong muscles that contract to help with digestion.

    Indigestion and Heartburn

    • "Dyspepsia" is the medical term for indigestion and heartburn. This happens when the stomach's strong gastric acids seep into the esophagus, which does not have the same lining as the stomach. Dyspepsia is often caused by caffeine, alcohol, tomato and fatty foods, as well as by stress and overeating. To treat dyspepsia, don't lie down for four hours after eating, and when you do lie down, do it on your left side. Over-the-counter antacids and acid reducers often help.

    Vomiting

    • Stress, alcohol, food poisoning, pregnancy, bacteria and viruses can cause vomiting. Self-care consists of letting the stomach rest by avoiding food and drink for several hours. Then drink small amounts of clear fluids to avoid dehydration. Seek a doctor's care if vomiting persists more than hours; if you develop a fever, severe headache or abdominal pain; or if you become severely dehydrated.

    Diarrhea

    • Diarrhea causes watery and frequent bowel movements. Food poisoning, viruses and bacteria often cause diarrhea, as does stress or sensitivity to certain foods. Drink clear fluids and eat foods easy on the digestive tract, such as bananas, applesauce, toast and rice. Seek medical attention if you become severely dehydrated, develop a fever of over 100 degrees Fahrenheit, experience severe pain, or your stools become bloody.

    Constipation

    • Constipation, the opposite of diarrhea, is also a common stomach problem. With constipation, stools are infrequent and often hard and difficult to pass. Many people suffer from constipation because of a lack of sufficient fiber (which helps food move through the intestine), lack of exercise (which also aids in stool movement), or as a side effect of some pain and cough medications. Self-treatment includes adding fiber to your diet and increased fluids.

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