Salmonella Poisoning Treatment

Salmonella poisoning is a common name for an illness called salmonellosis. It is an infection caused by the bacteria salmonella, causing headache, fever, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramping. Salmonella is usually transmitted through human or animal feces, raw meat, raw poultry and raw seafood.

Fluids

• Salmonella poisoning usually resolves on its own in five to seven days, with symptoms diminishing after one or two days. Typically the only treatment needed is oral fluids. Acute vomiting and diarrhea can result in dehydration, therefore it is important to drink to replace your fluids. You can drink water, juices, sports drinks, broth or broth-based soups, or you can suck on ice chips. In severe cases, intravenous fluids may be necessary.

Antibiotics

• In cases where the salmonella spreads beyond your intestines, antibiotics become necessary. Salmonella can spread to your bloodstream and then to other organs or other areas of your body. If not promptly treated, it can result in death. Antibiotics such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciproflaxin or ampicillin are used. Some of the complications of the spreading salmonella include joint pain, painful urination and eye irritation. This condition is called Reiter's syndrome, which can last for months or even years, and can lead to chronic arthritis.

Hospitalization

• Severe cases of salmonella poisoning may require hospitalization because the vomiting and diarrhea are so severe that the need for intravenous fluids becomes critical. Some people are more at risk for a more severe illness with salmonella. These include infants, the elderly and individuals with a compromised immune system.

Prevention

• To prevent salmonella poisoning, be sure to cook ground beef, eggs and poultry thoroughly. Never eat foods that have raw eggs in them. Immediately after working with raw poultry or other raw meats or seafood, wash your hands, utensils and kitchen surfaces. Use extra precautions with foods that are intended for the elderly, infants and those with low immunities. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after touching birds, baby chicks, reptiles or pet feces. Always wash your hands with soap and water after using the toilet.

Considerations

• According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are approximately 40,000 reported cases of salmonellosis in the United States each year. It is believed that the actual number is much higher because of mild, unreported cases. They estimate that it is responsible for approximately 400 deaths each year. According to the Food and Drug Administration, salmonella may also be associated with dairy products, shrimp, fish, coconut, salad dressings, sauces, cocoa, chocolate, yeast and peanut butter.