Crohn's Disease

Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease where the lining of the digestive tract becomes inflamed, leading to severe diarrhea and abdominal pain. The swelling can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract and penetrates deep into the lining. Crohn's disease most commonly affects the lower portion of the small intestine.

Signs and Symptoms

• Crohn's disease causes the intestine to secrete water and salt. This secretion, along with intense cramping, leads to diarrhea. Bleeding occurs due to the movement of food over the inflamed tissues. Red or dark colored blood may be present in bowel movements. This may worsen as the disease advances. Ulcers can develop, leading to scar tissue and abdominal pain. Symptoms of Crohn's disease can cause a decrease in appetite and loss of weight.

Diagnosis

• There are several tests used by doctors to diagnosis Crohn's disease. Blood tests may be utilized to check for anemia, infection and antibodies. Colonoscopy allows the doctor to see the inside of the colon and take a biopsy to be analyzed. The patient may be instructed to drink barium for a small bowel X-ray to examine the small intestine. A computerized tomography scan may be implemented to locate the disease and look for blockages, abscesses and fistulas that may form.

Treatment

• Treatment for Crohn's disease involves using medication to resolve inflammation and symptoms. Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as sulfasalazine, mesalamine and corticosteroids are often prescribed to treat intestinal swelling. Drugs that suppress the immune system may be employed to stop damage to the body and reduce inflammation. Antibiotics lower harmful bacteria and assist in healing fistulas and abscesses. Other medications that may be prescribed include anti-diarrheals, laxatives, pain reducers and vitamin supplements. Surgery may be required in severe cases.

Complications

• Areas of the bowel can thicken as Crohn's disease advances. This narrowing can lead to obstructions in the digestive tract. Inflammation may lead to ulcers in the mouth, small intestine, colon, rectum and anus. When the ulcer extends completely through the intestinal wall, a fistula may develop. This is an abnormal connection between the intestine and itself or another organ. Infections and malnutrition are also complications related to Crohn's disease. Infections may be deadly if left untreated.

Lifestyle Changes

• A person's diet and stress level can affect the symptoms of Crohn's disease. Dairy products may need to be limited or cut completely from the diet to eliminate aggravation caused by lactose. Eating smaller meals and drinking fluids reduce intestinal symptoms. Exercise can reduce stress and assist with bowel function. Relaxation techniques, such as rhythmic breathing and soaking in a warm bath, are also helpful for relieving elevated levels of stress.