Function of Small Intestines Within the Cardiovascular System

The small intestine, which begins at the pyloric sphincter and ends at the ileocecal valve, is part of the gastrointestinal tract. It is responsible for completing the digestion process of carbohydrates, fats and proteins passed on from the stomach, as well as absorbing vitamins and nutrients which are then passed through the body via the circulatory (or cardiovascular) system. The small intestine also helps reduce waste, which is eventually excreted by the cardiovascular system.

Small Intestine Makeup

• The small intestine is comprised of 3 sections, each serving a unique purpose: the duodenum, jejunum and the ileum.

Duodenum

• The duodenum, the first section of the small intestine, receives the processed food. The duodenum releases enzymes to lower the acidity levels within the food (passed from the stomach), before passing it through the intestine.

Jejunum and Ileum

• The jejunum and ileum are the sections of the small intestine responsible for absorbing the vitamins and nutrients, which are later used by the circulatory system to nourish the body. Cells within the small intestine secrete fluids to help further breakdown the food.

Liver

• Blood vessels along the intestinal wall carry nutrients to the liver. Some of the nutrients are converted into substances that help produce energy and enzymes for the body.

Waste

• The stomach, small intestine and liver play a significant role in helping the cardiovascular system excrete waste.