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Long-Term Effects of Acid Reflux

Acid reflux, or GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) is a condition in which stomach contents flow backwards into the esophagus (the food pipe). The sufferer experiences heart burn, a burning sensation in the chest that radiates upwards into the throat, and a bitter, lingering acidic taste. Left untreated, the individual will suffer from serious long-term effects of acid reflux.

  1. Esophagitis

    • This is an inflammatory condition that affects the lining of the esophagus. It occurs from a frequent backup of stomach acids over a long period of time. Left untreated, the sufferer will experience a lot of discomfort, nausea or even vomiting, and difficulty in swallowing. It will also cause a scarring of the esophageal lining and cause ulcers at the junction of the esophagus and the stomach. Over time, it may develop into Barrett's esophagus, a precancerous condition.

    Barrett's Esophagus

    • Continued exposure of the esophagus lining to stomach acid results in Barrett's esophagus (also called Barrett's syndrome). This is a serious, pre-malignant condition that causes abnormal cellular changes in the tissue lining the esophagus. In time, it can lead to a cancer of the esophagus if it is left untreated.

    Cancer

    • One of the most serious long-term side effects of acid reflux disease is esophageal cancer (adenocarcinoma). Esophageal cancer is a rare but particularly serious and often fatal form of cancer.

    Respiratory Infection

    • If acid reflux is allowed to continue untreated, then acid from the sufferer's stomach can get into the lungs. This results in an inflammation of the lungs, which can then result in a respiratory infection. This can be of particular concern in cases where there are pre-existing conditions such as asthma, which could be aggravated.

    Throat Damage

    • As well as damaging the esophagus, long-term effects of acid reflux include damage to the throat and larynx. Damage to the throat will result in symptoms such as persistent coughing and choking, as well as nausea or vomiting following the consumption of food. Damage to the larynx causes hoarseness and other problems of the voice.

    Tooth Erosion

    • When the acid reflux backs up into the mouth, the stomach acids wear away the tooth enamel, exposing the sensitive, inner dentin layer of the teeth. This may in turn cause additional complications for your oral health, including tooth discoloration, sensitivity to heat and cold, shortening or thinning teeth and even tooth loss.

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