Why is stomach acid neutralised by pancreatic juice and bile in the small intestine?

The stomach produces hydrochloric acid and pepsin, which help to break down food and kill harmful bacteria. However, this acidic environment can damage the small intestine, so it is important to neutralise the acid before it reaches this part of the digestive system.

Pancreatic juice and bile both help to neutralise stomach acid. Pancreatic juice contains bicarbonate ions, which are alkaline and can therefore neutralise the acid. Bile, which is produced by the liver, contains bile salts, which help to break down fats. Bile salts also help to neutralise stomach acid by forming micelles, which are small structures that can trap acid molecules.

By neutralising stomach acid, pancreatic juice and bile help to protect the small intestine from damage. This allows the small intestine to absorb nutrients from food efficiently.