Foods to avoid with acid reflux?

1. Chocolate: Contains caffeine and can decrease resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure.

2. Coffee and other caffeinated beverages: Can increase acid production and relax lower esophageal sphincter.

3. Citrus fruits: Including oranges, grapefruits, and lemons, and products made from, they can increase stomach acid production.

4. Tomatoes and tomato-based products: Including ketchup and tomato sauce, they can increase stomach acid production.

5. Fried and fatty foods: Can delay gastric emptying and can decrease lower esophageal sphincter pressure.

6. Mint: Can have relaxant effects on the lower esophageal sphincter, can increase reflux of gastric fluid into the esophagus.

7. Garlic and onions: Can irritate gastroesophageal mucosa.

8. Spicy foods: Can irritate the esophageal mucosa.

9. Carbonated beverages: Can cause transient decreases in lower esophageal sphincter pressure.

10. Alcohol: Can stimulate gastric secretions and has relaxant effects on lower esophageal sphincter.

11. High-fat meals: Such as fast food, and red meats, can cause decreased pressure on lower esophageal sphincter muscle and increase risk for reflux.

12. Dairy Products: Whole milk and full-fat dairy products, can delay gastric emptying and can increase esophageal acid production.

It's important to individualize recommendations on foods to avoid for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease based on their symptoms and response to certain foods. Consult with a healthcare professional or a dietitian for personalized guidance if experiencing GERD symptoms.