What happens to the small molecules in digestion?

Small molecules are the products of digestion, consisting of monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids. Once broken down into these basic components, the small molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine.

Here's what happens to each type of small molecule during digestion:

- Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, fructose, galactose): Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars during digestion. The major monosaccharide resulting from digestion is glucose, which is the body's preferred source of energy. Glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to cells throughout the body.

- Amino acids: Dietary proteins are broken down into their constituent amino acids during digestion. These amino acids are essential building blocks for constructing new proteins in the body. They are absorbed into the bloodstream and used for various metabolic processes, such as tissue growth and repair.

- Fatty acids: Dietary fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol during digestion. Fatty acids are a major source of energy and are also used to build cell membranes and various other cellular components. They are absorbed into the lymphatic system and transported to cells throughout the body.

The absorption of these small molecules into the bloodstream is facilitated by specialized cells and transport mechanisms within the small intestine. Once absorbed, they undergo further metabolic processes and can be used by the body as an energy source, structural components, or precursors for synthesizing various compounds.