How is food moved in alimentary canal?

Food is moved along the alimentary canal by a series of involuntary muscle contractions called peristalsis. Peristalsis is a coordinated, rhythmic contraction of the smooth muscles of the alimentary canal that propels food from the mouth to the anus.

Peristalsis begins when food enters the mouth and is stimulated by the presence of food in the alimentary canal. The muscles of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines contract and relax in a coordinated fashion, pushing food forward. The contraction of the muscles creates a wave-like motion that moves food along the alimentary canal.

Peristalsis is also responsible for mixing food with digestive enzymes and other secretions. The churning and mixing action of peristalsis helps to break down food into smaller particles and facilitates the absorption of nutrients.

The rate of peristalsis is controlled by the nervous system. The nervous system can speed up or slow down peristalsis depending on the type of food being consumed and the state of the alimentary canal.

For example, peristalsis is slower when food is in the stomach, allowing time for digestion. Peristalsis is also slower in the large intestine, where water and electrolytes are absorbed from food.

Peristalsis is an essential process for digestion and absorption of nutrients. It is a complex process that is coordinated by the nervous system and involves the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles along the alimentary canal.