How is acid from the stomach neutralized?

The stomach produces hydrochloric acid (HCl), which helps to break down food and kill bacteria. However, this acid can also irritate the lining of the stomach and cause heartburn or acid reflux. To neutralize this acid, the stomach produces several substances, including:

1. Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-): These ions are produced by the parietal cells in the stomach lining. They react with HCl to form water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The CO2 escapes as a gas, while the water is absorbed into the bloodstream.

2. Mucus: Mucus is a thick, gel-like substance that coats the stomach lining. It helps to protect the lining from the acid and also contains bicarbonate ions.

3. Saliva: Saliva contains bicarbonate ions and other substances that can help to neutralize acid. When you swallow, saliva enters the stomach and helps to buffer the acid.

4. Pancreatic juice: Pancreatic juice is produced by the pancreas and enters the small intestine. It contains bicarbonate ions and other substances that can help to neutralize acid that escapes from the stomach into the small intestine.

Acid from the stomach is also neutralized by the food that you eat. Foods that are alkaline, such as fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, can help to buffer the acid. Drinking plenty of water can also help to dilute the acid.

If you experience frequent heartburn or acid reflux, it is important to see a doctor to rule out any underlying medical conditions. The doctor may recommend medications or lifestyle changes to help manage the symptoms.