How Is a Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Performed?

Flexible sigmoidoscopy is a procedure to visually screen for cancer and other abnormalities in the lower third of the colon. It can be performed in a doctor's office, generally without anesthesia or even sedation.

Preparation

• The area to be examined needs to be clean and empty. Usually, according to information provided by one of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (see Resources), this can be accomplished with enemas shortly before the procedure.

The Examination

• While you lie on your side, the doctor passes the sigmoidoscope---a thin, flexible tube with a camera and a light on the end---through the anus and into the rectum and sigmoid colon. The camera sends images to a computer screen, which the doctor examines for any abnormalities. Air is puffed through the tube to keep the colon open for a good view. The exam normally takes about 20 minutes, and although you might be uncomfortable, few patients experience significant pain.

Sampling and Treatment

• If the doctor sees anything suspicious, special tools can be passed through the scope and manipulated by the doctor to take samples of tissue for testing or completely remove polyps. The American Cancer Society notes that polyps are often benign, but sometimes develop into cancer.

After the Procedure

• The doctor will slowly withdraw the scope, giving your colon one more careful look as it goes. You might experience some cramps and a sense of bloating from the air pumped in during the exam, but usually only for an hour or so. Your doctor will give you detailed instructions to help you feel well and get back to your normal activities quickly.