|  | Conditions Treatments | Digestive Health

What Are Some Outcomes of a Colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that permits a physician to inspect the colon, or large intestine, through a small, fiber-optic camera inserted into the anus. This practice is utilized to detect inflammation and abnormal growths as well as to diagnose multiple disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, including colon polyps, colorectal cancer, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

  1. Colon Polyps

    • A colon polyp is a growth on the wall of the large intestine that can be an indicator of cancer. If a polyp is found during a colonoscopy, it is removed during the procedure and tested for cancer. Polyps are found frequently in adults and are typically benign, or noncancerous.

      In many cases, multiple polyps are present; however, each will be removed while the patient is under sedation during the colonoscopy. The tube attached to the camera has a tool that can remove polyps easily and swiftly.

    Colorectal Cancer

    • Colorectal cancer develops from tumors and colon polyps. A colonoscopy can be effective in early detection and prevention. It may take five to 10 years for tumors and colon polyps to develop. Therefore, since symptoms may not be present, the American College of Gastroenterology suggests examinations for early detection and elimination of growths.

    Crohn's Disease

    • Crohn's disease is a chronic condition caused by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The irritation extends into the inner lining of the organs of the digestive system, from mouth to anus. Severe pain and frequent diarrhea may occur because of intestinal swelling. Intestinal blockage is a common dilemma associated with Crohn's disease as the walls of the intestines thicken from inflammation. A colonoscopy will allow the physician to see swelling and bleeding as well as remove tissue for a biopsy.

    Ulcerative Colitis

    • Similar to Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis is a disease exemplified by inflammation. The irritation typically affects the rectum and lower large intestine. Eventually, it may spread to the remainder of the colon. The stool of a patient afflicted by ulcerative colitis may contain pus, mucus, or blood.

    When to Have a Colonoscopy

    • A gastroenterologist may determine a colonoscopy is necessary if the patient experiences bleeding, changes in regularity of bowel movements, unexplained weight loss or abdominal pain. Bleeding, excessive flatulence, loss of appetite and nausea also are symptoms that may be cause for concern.

      Because it is the most effective way to prevent colorectal cancer, the American Cancer Society recommends regular colonoscopy screening beginning at age 50 for men and women and every 10 years after the initial examination.

    Side Effects

    • Since the patient is under sedation during a colonoscopy, he will not be completely lucid, and the sedative will not wear off for several hours. Cramping, bloating and gas are common. If the patient experiences extreme abdominal pain, fever, dizziness or notices blood in the stool, he should contact a doctor immediately.

Digestive Health - Related Articles