Antacid Uses

Antacids are oral medications that lower acidity in the stomach. Most antacids are available over-the-counter without a prescription. They come in many different forms, including liquid, capsule, tablet and granule form. Antacids are used to treat a variety of gastrointestinal issues. Dosage often depends on what condition the antacids are treating. While considered safe, antacids may not be appropriate for those on a sodium restricted diet, those taking other medications, those with pre-existing medical conditions or those who are pregnant.

Ulcers

• Ulcers are sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or intestines. They can be caused by a variety of different things, including bacterial infection, excess acid production and the use of certain medications. Pain that worsens on an empty stomach, nausea and vomiting are the most common symptoms of an ulcer. Ulcers can bleed, causing bloody vomit or stool. In serious cases, the ulcer can perforate, causing a hole in the wall of the stomach or intestine. Antacids prevent ulcer perforation by reducing the stomach acidity. This prevents the acid from eating away at the already damaged lining.

Heartburn

• Heartburn is described as a burning sensation in the chest and throat caused by stomach acid entering the esophagus and causing irritation. It is especially common during pregnancy, but can easily be brought on by other things such as overeating, drinking alcohol and taking certain medications. Frequent heartburn is referred to as gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. The acid can cause damage to the esophagus over time, especially if the heartburn is frequent. Because antacids neutralize acidity, they can prevent damage from occurring and prevent the esophageal irritation that is responsible for the pain of heartburn.

Indigestion

• Indigestion is the sensation of feeling abnormally full after eating. It is sometimes accompanied by bloating and nausea. Indigestion has a myriad of causes, including eating certain foods, such as those that are high in fat, fiber or spices; taking in gastrointestinal irritants such as caffeine or nicotine; or using certain medications. The discomfort produced by indigestion is due to an increase in gastric acid production as the body tries to digest hard-to-digest foods. Antacids reduce this discomfort due to their effect on acidity. Some antacids also have a mild laxative effect, which can help push food through the digestive tract more quickly, also lessening symptoms.

Warnings and Considerations

• Over-the-counter antacids are not meant to be used regularly over a long period of time. Those with frequent gastrointestinal problems warranting the use of antacids should consult their doctors. A doctor can run tests to see if a more serious problem is present or prescribe more appropriate medications. Pregnant women should be especially careful when using antacids, as long-term use has been associated with asthma in their children later in life. Antacids are contraindicated in people with severe gastrointestinal symptoms, especially those presenting with symptoms of appendicitis. Certain kinds of antacids, such as those containing aluminum or calcium, can cause serious side effects, including severe, constant constipation, muscle weakness and pain, and changes in mood and mental state.