What Are the Purposes of Stretchers?

Any device used to lift and move a patient falls into the general category of a stretcher. Stretchers aid medical and rescue personnel in transporting ill or injured patients or getting several pieces of equipment to the patient quickly. Once the care provider secures the patient to a stretcher, the patient can be lifted and moved without additional injury. Modern stretcher design provides wheels for rolling the stretcher and collapsible legs for height adjustment.

Transport

• A stretcher allows caregivers to move disabled or severely injured patients who need medical treatment. The "dead weight" of an unconscious victim can create problems in transport. The victim's body can sag or drag, which can lead to further injuries. By using a stretcher, a caregiver can roll the victim from one location to another and still have hands free for tasks such as opening doors. The stretcher delivers a much smoother transfer than hands-on carrying.

Immobilization of Injuries

• Head and spinal injuries and broken bones require immobilization of the patient to prevent further trauma. A stretcher helps to keep the patient's entire body immobile relative to the injury. The addition of braces or rolls to reduce jostling in the injured area during transport adds to the safety of the patient.

Combative Patient

• A stretcher allows a caregiver to secure the arms and legs of a combative patient. Restraints come in the form of straps incorporated into the stretcher design or fabric bandage material secured around the frame of the stretcher. When secured, a combative patient cannot attack the caregiver or remove equipment, such as an IV line or oxygen supply.

Makeshift Stretchers

• A door or wide plank can be a makeshift stretcher.

  When a stretcher is not available, a rescuer may use a suitable substitute to safely move a patient. Secure a patient to a kitchen chair for upright transport. A blanket or other bedding provides the necessary length and width to be used as a stretcher, but it may require additional personnel to keep the patient from sagging in transport. Use a door or wide plank for greater support.