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The Effects of Smoking on Oral Health

Smoking is typically associated with heart disease, stroke, emphysema and lung cancer. However, there are a number of consequences of smoking on oral health as well, such as increased risk of gum disease, plaque, and tooth and bone loss.

  1. Tooth Discoloration

    • Smoking reduces the amount of saliva produced by the body, which is the natural mechanism for stain removal on the teeth. Nicotine and tar deposits also form on the teeth, resulting in discoloration.

    Gum Disease

    • The risk of developing periodontal disease or gum disease increases with smoking, causing more than half the cases of periodontis in adults. This is because the nicotine and tobacco found in cigarettes constrict blood vessels, reducing levels of oxygen and nutrients delivered to the gums.

    Plaque

    • Increased amounts of bacteria are found in plaque of smokers, resulting in an amplified risk of developing gum disease. Plaque can also travel from the mouth into the bloodstream, which can ultimately affect the health of the heart.

    Oral Cancer

    • The death rate for oral cancer is higher than any other cancer, with 75 percent of individuals diagnosed being nicotine users.

    Bone Loss

    • Plaque, gum disease and smoking can deteriorate the condition of the jaw, leaving an individual unable to heal or have dental work to improve the condition and appearance of their teeth.

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