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Polymyositis Treatment

Polymyositis is a rare disease that affects the connective tissue. It most often occurs between the ages of 30 and 50, and is more common in African-Americans and in females than in Caucasians and males. The disease usually progresses slowly over several months. The main symptom of polymyositis is muscle weakness. The muscles most often affected are those in the shoulders, arms, neck, hips and thighs. The disease always affects both sides of the body. Other possible symptoms include difficulty with swallowing and speaking. Affected individuals may also experience fatigue, joint tenderness and shortness of breath.

  1. IV Immunoglobulin Therapy

    • IV immunoglobin therapy involves transfusing healthy antibodies into the affected individual with an IV. The healthy antibodies are obtained from blood donors. IV immunoglobulin therapy may allow the healthy antibodies to prevent the damaging antibodies from doing further damage to the muscles.

    Tacrolimus

    • Tacrolimus is a drug used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs. It is an immunosuppressant that may help to prevent the immune system from continuing to attack the body. It is especially helpful for those individuals who are suffering from both polymyositis and interstitial lung disease.

    Corticosteroids

    • Corticosteriods also suppress the immune system. They help to reduce inflammation and can help to improve function and strength of the muscles. Prednisone is the corticosteroid that is usually prescribed for patients with polymyositis. Corticosteroid treatments may be needed for years to treat the disease. Supplements, such as Vitamin D and calcium, may need to be taken to combat adverse side effects of prolonged corticosteriod treatments.

    Corticosteroid-Sparing Agents

    • Other medications, such as azathioprine and methotrexate, may be prescribed in lieu of or in conjunction with corticosteriod medications. These medications reduce the risk of serious side effects associated with extensive corticosteroid use.

    Other Helpful Therapies

    • Physical therapy may help to improve muscle flexibility and strength. Also, speech therapy may be needed when affected individuals have swallowing difficulties caused by polymyositis.

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