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Rituxan Effects

Rituxan (rituximab) is a monoclonal antibody used to treat certain cancers, such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Monoclonal antibodies are produced in the lab, making them a passive form of immunotherapy. Newer approaches use fragments of antibodies instead of whole ones, which makes them more able to reach a tumor. Rituxan works by attaching itself to cancerous cells and killing them. It may also be used with methotrexate to treat moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis.

  1. Effects on Lymphoma Cells

    • Rituxan increases the sensitivity of lymphoma cells to other chemotherapy drugs. It also causes lysis, or killing of lymphoma cells, by two methods. It punches holes in the target cell's membrane or forms a bridge that allows a killing signal to cause the target cell's death.

    Cardiovascular and Muscular Effects

    • Rarely, it may cause high or low blood pressure. Muscle and joint pain may occur.

    Digestive and Metabolic Effects

    • Patients may experience abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. High blood sugar, swelling of the extremities and increased LDH (a protein in blood) may occur.

    Blood and Lymphatic System Effects

    • Patients may experience lymphopenia (decreased lymphocytes) and low white blood cell count. Less commonly, low platelets and anemia can occur.

    Respiratory and Nervous System Effects

    • Increased cough, rhinitis (nasal irritation), sinusitis and shortness of breath can occur. Bronchospasm, in which the muscles contract suddenly and cause difficulty breathing, may also occur. In rare cases, dizziness or anxiety may be experienced.

    Side Effects

    • Notify your caregiver immediately during the infusion if you feel dizzy, weak, nauseated, itchy, breathing problems or chest or shoulder pain. Reactions typically occur within the first 24 hours after beginning therapy. Side effects may occur months after treatment ends. Other side effects may include fever, chills, sudden numbness or weakness, severe stomach pain and bloody stools. Lab tests including kidney and liver function tests help monitor for side effects.

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