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Epstein Barr Syndrome in Children

Epstein-Barr syndrome is also known as mononucleosis. It is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. It is transmitted from one person to another through the saliva and commonly affects teenagers. However, a younger child may contract the virus if he/she shares cup or utensils with an infected individual or if a toy has tainted saliva on it. Most individuals will be exposed to the Epstein-Barr virus at some point in their lives. After contracted the virus, the immune system will be resistant to future exposures to the virus.

  1. Symptoms

    • A child infected with Epstein-Barr usually will not have any symptoms of the virus right away. Most symptoms begin 4 to 8 weeks after exposure to the virus. Symptoms may seem similar to the flu or a bad cold. Usually, symptoms include fever, skin rash, sore throat and swollen neck, armpit or groin glands. Older children may have additional symptoms including a swollen spleen, fatigue, weakness, headache and poor appetite. According to Babycenter.com, younger children have milder symptoms and infants and toddlers may have no symptoms at all. Symptoms may persist for a few weeks after onset and it may take a few months to feel back to normal.

    Diagnosis

    • Young children are not usually screened for the Epstein-Barr virus unless the caregiver mentions that they child has been exposed to the virus. Also, Babycenter.com notes that the blood test used to diagnosis Epstein-Barr is not always accurate in children.

    Treatment

    • Epstein-Barr is a virus, which means it cannot be cured with medications. However, individuals with Epstein-Barr syndrome should get plenty of rest and should make sure the drink lots of fluids. While the virus itself cannot be treated, the symptoms can be treated. Over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen may be used to reduce fever. Corticosteroids may be prescribed to alleviate throat and tonsil swelling. Any accompanying bacterial infections may be treated with prescription antibiotics.

    Complications

    • Usually the Epstein-Barr virus will run its course without any serious complications. However, is severe cases the spleen may rupture. Children with Epstein-Barr syndrome should be careful not to engage any contact sports which might cause them to sustain a blow that may cause the swollen spleen to burst. A ruptured spleen is a dangerous complication and requires immediate medical attention. Other complications include swollen tonsils, jaundice and inflammation of the liver.

    Prevention/Solution

    • Caregivers should avoid taking children around individuals who are affected with the Epstein-Barr virus. The Epstein-Barr virus can be found in the saliva of individuals affected by the virus for several months after the infection so even seemingly well individuals may be carrying the virus. Also, caregivers should discourage sharing cups and utensils among siblings and friends.

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