What are controllable risk factors in communicable diseases?

Communicable diseases are illnesses caused by infectious agents or toxins transmitted from one person to another. Some risk factors for communicable diseases are controllable, while others are not. Controllable risk factors include:

- Poor hygiene: Not washing hands frequently, not covering coughs and sneezes, and not properly cleaning and disinfecting surfaces can increase the risk of spreading germs.

- Unsafe sex: Having unprotected sex with multiple partners can increase the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

- Needle sharing: Sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia can transmit blood-borne diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C.

- Animal contact: Contact with animals,尤其是野生动物, can transmit diseases such as rabies, tularemia, and salmonellosis.

- Travel to certain areas: Some areas of the world have a higher risk of certain communicable diseases. Travelers to these areas should take precautions to protect themselves, such as getting vaccinated and avoiding contact with animals and contaminated food or water.

By taking steps to control these risk factors, individuals can reduce their risk of getting and spreading communicable diseases.